Dragonfly Launch Moved to 2027

Dragonfly is a NASA mission that delivers a rotorcraft to Saturn's moon Titan to advance our search for the building blocks of life. While Dragonfly was originally scheduled to launch in 2026, NASA has requested the Dragonfly team pursue their alternative launch readiness date in 2027. No changes will be needed to the mission architecture to accommodate this new date, and launching at a later date will not affect Dragonfly's science return or capabilities once at Titan.

The decision to pursue the alternative launch date is based on factors external to the Dragonfly project team, including COVID-19's impact on the Planetary Science Division's budget.

"NASA has the utmost confidence in the Dragonfly team to deliver a successful mission that conducts compelling science," said Lori Glaze, Director for the Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Dragonfly will significantly increase our understanding of this richly organic world and help answer key astrobiology questions in our search to understand the processes that supported the development of life on Earth."

Dragonfly marks the first time NASA will fly a multi-rotor vehicle for science on another planet. Taking advantage of Titan's dense atmosphere – four times denser than Earth's – it will also become the first vehicle ever to fly its entire science payload to multiple locations for repeatable and targeted access to surface materials. By surveying dozens of locations across the icy world, Dragonfly will characterize the habitability of Titan's environment and investigate the progression of its prebiotic chemistry.

NASA's Dragonfly to Proceed with Final Mission Design Work

NASA's Dragonfly mission has been authorized to proceed with work on final mission design and fabrication – known as Phase C – during fiscal year (FY) 2024. The agency is postponing formal confirmation of the mission (including its total cost and schedule) until mid-2024, following the release of the FY 2025 President's Budget Request.

Earlier this year, Dragonfly – a mission to send a rotorcraft to explore Saturn's moon Titan – passed all the success criteria of its Preliminary Design Review. The Dragonfly team conducted a re-plan of the mission based on expected funding available in FY 2024 and estimate a revised launch readiness date of July 2028. The Agency will officially assess the mission's launch readiness date in mid-2024 at the Agency Program Management Council.

"The Dragonfly team has successfully overcome a number of technical and programmatic challenges in this daring endeavor to gather new science on Titan," said Nicola Fox, associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA headquarters in Washington. "I am proud of this team and their ability to keep all aspects of the mission moving toward confirmation."

NASA Authorizes Dragonfly Mission to Proceed with Estimated 2028 Launch Readiness Date

NASA's Dragonfly mission team is moving on to the next stage of development on the revolutionary, car-sized nuclear-powered drone it plans to fly over and land on the organic-rich sands of Saturn's large moon Titan. NASA has authorized Dragonfly to proceed with work on final mission design and fabrication, known as Phase C. Earlier this year, Dragonfly passed all the success criteria of its Preliminary Design Review. The team also was asked to conduct a replan of the mission based on funding levels in the fiscal year 2024 president's budget request. That replan has been completed and reviewed with NASA, with a revised launch readiness date of July 2028. NASA will officially assess the mission's launch readiness date in mid-2024 at the Agency Program Management Council.

Above: Artist’s impression of Dragonfly soaring over the dunes of Saturn’s moon Titan. NASA has authorized the mission team to proceed on development toward a July 2028 launch date. (NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben)

"The Dragonfly team has successfully overcome a number of technical and programmatic challenges in this daring endeavor to gather new science on Titan," said Nicola Fox, associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "I am proud of this team and their ability to keep all aspects of the mission moving."

NASA's only mission to the surface of another ocean world, Dragonfly is designed to investigate the complex chemistry that is the precursor to life. The vehicle, which the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, will build and operate, will be equipped with cameras, sensors and samplers to examine areas of Titan known to contain organic materials that may have previously mixed with liquid water now frozen on the icy surface.

"Dragonfly is such a daring endeavor, like nothing that has ever been done before," said APL's Elizabeth "Zibi" Turtle, Dragonfly principal investigator. "I'm inspired by the way our team has repeatedly overcome challenges by working together and thinking outside the box. We've demonstrated that we're ready for the next steps on the path to Titan, and we'll keep moving forward with the same curiosity and creativity that have brought Dragonfly to this point."

The Dragonfly team has made significant technical strides, among them: a progression of tests of Dragonfly's guidance, navigation and control systems over California deserts that resemble Titan's dunes; multiple flight-system tests in the one-of-a-kind wind tunnels at NASA's Langley Research Center; and running a full-scale, instrumented lander model though temperature and atmospheric pressure simulations in APL's new, 3,000-cubic-foot Titan Chamber.

"The dedicated efforts of the Dragonfly team have been nothing short of heroic," said Bobby Braun, head of APL's Space Exploration Sector. "Engineers, scientists and project management across APL, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, the NASA Langley and Ames Research Centers, Lockheed Martin, Sikorsky and our many university and industry partners have formed a seamless team whose experience and expertise is shaping a game-changing mission of exploration. I'm very proud of this team and am confident that they will continue to mature this system in Phase C."

APL manages the Dragonfly mission for NASA. The team includes key partners at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado; Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company; NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California; NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Penn State University in State College, Pennsylvania; Malin Space Science Systems in San Diego, California; Honeybee Robotics in Pasadena, California; NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California; the French space agency (CNES) in Paris; the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Cologne, Germany; and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in Tokyo.

Dragonfly is the fourth mission in NASA's New Frontiers Program, managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.